Which of the following can lead to unexpected water drainage issues in irrigation systems?

Improperly installed components can lead to unexpected water drainage issues in irrigation systems because incorrect installation can disrupt the intended flow and distribution of water. For instance, if pipes are not laid out correctly or if fittings are not secured properly, it can result in leaks, backflow, or pooling of water in unintended areas. These issues not only waste water but can also harm plants and create areas of excess moisture that may lead to disease.

In contrast, regular maintenance practices typically help to identify and resolve potential issues before they escalate, high-quality materials are designed to withstand operational stresses and minimize risks, and adhering to local codes ensures that installations meet safety and efficiency guidelines. All of these practices contribute to the overall effectiveness and reliability of an irrigation system, making them less likely to create drainage problems.