What term describes a sudden pressure surge in an irrigation system?

The term that describes a sudden pressure surge in an irrigation system is known as water hammer. This phenomenon occurs when the flow of water within the pipes is abruptly stopped or changes direction rapidly, causing a shock wave to travel through the water. This can lead to loud banging sounds and potential damage to the piping system, joints, and connected fixtures.

Water hammer is important to recognize because it can indicate improper design or operation of an irrigation system. It is often mitigated by the use of air chambers, pressure relief valves, or by ensuring smoother operation within the system to prevent abrupt changes in flow velocity. Understanding the mechanics of water hammer helps irrigation technicians design systems that are durable and have a longer lifespan, reducing maintenance costs and improving efficiency.

The other terms, while they may sound related, do not specifically capture the sudden pressure surge phenomenon identified as water hammer.