What is the function of a transformer in an irrigation controller?

The function of a transformer in an irrigation controller primarily involves converting the standard household voltage, which is typically 120V AC, to a lower voltage, specifically 24V AC. This reduction in voltage is essential for safe operation of the irrigation controller and its components, such as solenoid valves, which require lower voltage to function properly without risking damage or creating safety hazards. By transforming the voltage, the controller can effectively manage irrigation systems while ensuring that the electrical components are operating within safe voltage limits. This conversion is vital for creating a stable and functional irrigation system that effectively distributes water to plants without requiring excessive or dangerous electrical input.