What is the effect of using a pipe that is too small for the system?

Using a pipe that is too small for an irrigation system creates increased friction loss, which significantly impacts system performance. When water flows through a narrower pipe, the velocity of the water increases, leading to a rise in friction loss according to the principles of fluid dynamics. This increased friction results in a pressure drop, which means that less pressure is available at the emitters or outlets in the system. Consequently, the water delivery to plants may be insufficient, affecting their ability to receive adequate moisture. Additionally, diminished pressure can result in reduced coverage and uniformity of the irrigation, leading to inefficient water use and potential crop stress.

Understanding this relationship is crucial for designing an effective irrigation system that delivers the right amount of water where it’s needed while minimizing losses. In contrast, other options imply either no impact or positive effects from using an undersized pipe, which does not align with the operational principles of fluid flow and irrigation.